隨著我國對可再生能源的開發(fā)和利用的不斷深入發(fā)展, 利用畜禽糞便厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)沼氣是一種非常有前景的能源利用途徑，但所產(chǎn)生的沼氣中都含有H2S氣體，由于它是一種腐蝕性很強的化合物，所以沼氣脫硫是沼氣利用的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)。本文以某工程調(diào)試與運行實例分析了大型沼氣工程中的生物脫硫技術，以為同類型工程提供參考。
With the development and utilization of renewable energy in China, anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure to produce biogas is a very promising way of energy utilization, but the biogas produced contains H2S gas. As it is a highly corrosive compound, biogas desulfurization is the key link of biogas utilization. In this paper, the bio-desulfurization technology in large-scale biogas project is analyzed based on an engineering debugging and operation example, which can provide reference for similar projects.
目前沼氣脫硫的方法有兩大類，即物理化學法和生物法。物理化學法包括干法脫硫和濕法脫硫，已被廣泛地應用且積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗，但該方法存在運行費用高、投資大、產(chǎn)生二次污染等缺點；而生物法以不需催化劑和氧化劑、不需處理化學污泥、少污染、低能耗、高效率、可回收單質(zhì)硫等優(yōu)點，引起了人們的廣泛關注。為此，筆者以某公司熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)沼氣工程為例，介紹了該沼氣工程調(diào)試與運行時生物脫硫技術的具體運用。
At present, there are two kinds of methods for biogas desulfurization, namely physical chemical method and biological method. Physicochemical methods, including dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization, have been widely used and accumulated abundant experience, but they have disadvantages of high operating costs, large investment and secondary pollution. Biological methods have attracted wide attention for their advantages of no catalyst and oxidant, no chemical sludge treatment, less pollution, low energy consumption, high efficiency and recoverable elemental sulfur. 。 For this reason, taking the biogas project of a company as an example, the specific application of bio-desulfurization technology in debugging and operation of the biogas project is introduced.
生物脫硫的裝置主要由生物脫硫塔和曝氣水箱構成，從厭氧罐內(nèi)導出的沼氣由脫硫塔底部進入，脫硫循環(huán)水由泵打入脫硫塔頂，兩者在塔內(nèi)逆向接觸反應，且塔內(nèi)充有填料以供脫硫菌附著生長，同時也利于氣水均勻分布以充分接觸。生物脫硫塔及曝氣水箱都采用耐酸玻璃鋼制作，循環(huán)泵也使用耐酸性泵。脫硫塔的負荷為8m3 (沼氣) /（m3·h）左右。
The device of biological desulfurization is mainly composed of biological desulfurization tower and aeration tank. The biogas derived from anaerobic tank enters from the bottom of desulfurization tower, and the circulating water of desulfurization is pumped into the top of desulfurization tower. Both react in reverse contact in the tower, and the tower is filled with fillers for the attachment and growth of desulfurization bacteria, which is also conducive to the uniform distribution of gas and water for full contact. Biological desulfurization tower and aeration water tank are made of acid-resistant FRP, and circulating pump is also made of acid-resistant pump. The load of the desulfurization tower is about 8 m3 (methane) / (m3.h).
本工程采用生物脫硫的方法對沼氣進行脫硫處理，主要利用無色硫細菌在適宜的溫度、濕度和微氧條件下的代謝作用將H2S氧化成單質(zhì)硫或亞硫酸。生物脫硫分為3個階段 :
Biological desulfurization is used to desulfurize biogas in this project. H2S is oxidized to elemental sulfur or sulfite mainly by the metabolic action of colorless sulfur bacteria under suitable temperature, humidity and micro-oxygen conditions. Biological desulfurization can be divided into three stages:
1.H2S 氣體的溶解過程，即由氣相轉(zhuǎn)化為液相；
1. The dissolution process of H2S gas, i.e. from gas phase to liquid phase;
2.溶解后的H2S被微生物吸收，轉(zhuǎn)移至微生物的體內(nèi)；
2. The dissolved H2S is absorbed by microorganisms and transferred to microorganisms.
3.進入微生物細胞內(nèi)的H2S作為營養(yǎng)物被微生物分解、轉(zhuǎn)化和利用，從而達到去除H2S的目的。
3. As nutrients, H2S entering microbial cells is decomposed, transformed and utilized by microorganisms to remove H2S.
雖然生物脫硫具有能耗少、去除率高等特點，但必須給硫細菌營造一個適宜的環(huán)境，才能確保其具有較高的生物活性，以達到佳的脫硫效果。
Although biological desulfurization has the characteristics of low energy consumption and high removal rate, it is necessary to create a suitable environment for sulfur bacteria to ensure their high biological activity in order to achieve the best desulfurization effect.
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企業(yè)二維碼
2019-05-24
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